2011年6月24日星期五

Burqa回教女性的罩袍

女回教徒Carnita Matthews去年在悉尼駕車期間給警察截停,穿著傳统回教罩袍的她,因為不肯露出面容讓警察核對身分,引起爭論。及後女事主向警方投訴指警察在現場強行扯去她的面罩,最終被控對警方作虛假指控,被定罪判監6個月。女被告上星期上訴得席,最主要原因是控方未能毫無合理疑點證實女被告是向警方投訴的人,因為投訴人全程都戴着面罩。書面判辭還沒有上載,標少只有依賴報章的報導來了解。可是這些跑法庭的記者料子不足,報導法庭新聞往往遺漏重要的法律元素,使人難以掌握判辭的實際理據。在這方面,香港明報做得較好,可能因為記者中有讀法律出身的人坐鎮的緣故。


今天SMH報導,警察協會要求立法,賦予要求司機脫掉面罩或頭盔的權力,以便核實身分。對於這種立法要求,標少大不以為然。先看一下報導

The president of the Police Association of NSW, Scott Weber, called yesterday for the introduction of new laws that would allow police to ask for the removal of a veil or a helmet.

''If a motorist gives a police officer a driver's licence, the officer must have some way of confirming that the licence belongs to that person,'' he said. ''Facial recognition is obviously the easiest way to do that, so police officers should be able to ask a person to remove a veil or helmet if they are wearing one.

''At present, this power is only available for police to use in relation to criminal offences. It's time to extend that power to include traffic offences as well.''

A spokesman for the NSW Minister for Police, Mike Gallagher, said the association's position was consistent with that of the government. ''We will be asking the police commissioner to identify any deficiencies in the existing legislation,'' he said.

''We are supportive of any recommendation that will allow the police to be able to identify an individual in these circumstances.'' (Extract from Sydney Morning Herald 24/6/2011)

其實不用另立新法,警察一樣有辦法要求核對司機身分,司機不肯讓警察核對面貌,可控以阻差辦公,便可解決這問題。如果把司機拘捕帶返警署,不論面貌指模,甚麼都有,何需另立法例?這樣做絕對合理,司機選擇不予合作,便要面對刑事檢控,咎由自取。前些時候要把殺警察定為終身不赦的監禁,現在又要求揭面罩除頭盔的權力,不如在現存的法例裏想辦法,好過動輒就立法,立法太多並非好事。況且類似情況並不普遍,為單一事件就立一次法,豈不荒謬。經一事,長一智,以後遇到這類情況,參考我這講法,以阻差辦公來檢控。遇到罩頭的投訴人,若不能辨別身分,干脆不接納投訴,不失為解決的良方。


有些人講澳洲是多元文化社會,回教徒有選擇衣著的自由,這一點標少沒有異議,問題是多元文化並不等同多元法律。法律只有一套,若與法律有所牴觸,文化也要讓路。歐洲有不少國家已對回教女性的罩袍,立法作出不同程度的限制,有人覺得那是違反人權的做法。空談人權的人,也應該要知道,違反人權的做法一向都可以合法地存在,空喊口號之餘,不要忘記還有可容許違反人權的proportionality, rationality等的測試標準。


高舉宗教的幌子,或假宗教之名的行為,不勝枚舉,假教徒也實在太多。標少一向不評論宗教,因為惹不起那些沒完沒了,沒有結論的論爭。我的原則是,懂法律的人,心中存着捍衛法治的心;熱心宗教的人,在意識形態裏把教義展示出來。閒來無事,反躬自省。口恵而實不至,何以服人?

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