2022年9月24日星期六

法庭泥漿摔角

本週三上訴庭頒佈了跨世紀行人罔顧安全過馬路案的後續裁決, 這後續是兩辯方律師對原審法官判處他們支付虛耗訟費(wasted costs)的上訴, 上訴得直, 虛耗訟費的判決撤銷了。可是, 本案還有後續, 上訴庭轉介兩位律師給大律師公會及律師會處理, 很明顯這兩人都會面對專業失德的紀律聆訊, 結果應該是吊銷牌照一段日子了。過去三年我已評論了這跨世紀的案件多次, 從上訴判詞, 可以更清晰看到審訊過程更多不當的地方, 不單止是暫委特委裁判官何麗明和兩位辯方律師, 連外判主控也牽涉在內, 一言以蔽之, 這審訊是一場在法庭內舉行的泥漿摔角, 又像一班沒有工開的律師, 以拖延手法來揾食 。但最使人費解的是, 一個經濟能力有限的女保安員, 面對最高罰款只是2000元的控罪, 何以有能力請律師出庭抗辯,  就算為了被的士撞倒受傷的索償, 表面看也看不到是嚴重傷殘, 成功索償金額也不會很多, 何況她過馬路自身過失也要負上contributory neglience的責任。所以這是一宗意氣用事,   玩弄法律程序至無所不用其極的官司。  

這審訊是何麗明被炒魷魚後要完成的手尾,  殊不知這婆娘竟然越玩越大, 前途都豁出去了。她在司法機構當然不能再立足, 因為不給她續約已等同解僱, 她2003年開始私人執業, 現在大律師名冊也見不到她的名字, 即是在本案之後, 她已與法無緣了。任何機構都會請錯人, 請錯可以即炒, 司法機構請錯人也可以即炒或調職, 正如那位明顯針對警察的何裁判官調了去死因庭做審死官, 但即炒也要完成未審完的案件, 除非法官審到中途患重病或暴斃, 才會trial de novo。像何麗明這種情況, 不續約後續審未審結的案件屬正常安排,  她要刻意弄權是極無奈的事, 也不能中途扯她下來。我在兩年半前說(Hello不等於Kitty一文), 本案最佳處理辦法, 把傷害減到最少, 就是以enter nolle prosequi來終止聆訊。上訴庭的判詞第73段敘述了助理刑事檢控專員Ira Lui的陳詞:   

73. Mr Lui fairly accepts that, with the benefit of hindsight, the public interest might have been better served by the discontinuation of the prosecution. He however emphasizes that the conduct of the defence remained wholly unacceptable and unconducive to the administration of justice. We agree.

In hindsight, 說甚麼都容易, 有先見之明也不是容易的決定, 此事不能怪律政司, 畢竟審訊的拖延主因是法官及辯方律師太黐線引起, 這種以公眾利益為理由來終止聆訊也是史無前例的。一向講公眾利益作檢控或不檢控, 都不曾考慮法官及律師的能力的。   

我也曾經批評何麗明對本案辯方大律師梁耀祥發出的拘捕令不合法(法官不合法的拘捕令), 也批評梁耀祥因此接受東方日報的訪問的狡辯, 否認對何麗明講過"Are you insane?" (大狀回應的廢話)。上訴判詞以下的段落已說得一清二楚。

51. Another matter that we find disturbing is the Deputy Magistrate’s decision to issue a warrant of arrest against Mr Leung purportedly under section 99. Granted that as a matter of good practice and courtesy, Mr Leung ought to have appeared on Day 41 to inform the Deputy Magistrate that he had been discharged and sought her indulgence. But his absence does not fall within section 99, which deals with contempt in the face of the court. The Deputy Magistrate simply had no basis to issue the warrant of arrest.

有關有沒有說過"Are you insane?"

22. The bickering, sometimes childish, sometimes bitter, had hugely disrupted the proceedings and prevented the Deputy Magistrate and Mr Leung from using the time meaningfully. With tension and mutual animosity mounting, it eventually escalated into a most personal insult levelled by Mr Leung against the Deputy Magistrate on Day 40. They were then embroiled in another exchange arising from an objection by Mr Kwan in DW1’s evidence-in-chief. In response to her comment that the defence had not challenged PW2’s expertise, Mr Leung said: “I am afraid I have to use this words: Are your insane? Sorry.” After the Deputy Magistrate said that she would note it down, Mr Leung withdrew the remark. The Deputy Magistrate then said she would consider invoking section 99 of the Magistrates Ordinance.[10]

23. Mr Leung’s crude remark, although withdrawn almost immediately but without any apology, is most unbecoming. Viewed against the continuous bickering preceding it and the context in which it was made, it was more than a personal insult. It amounted to a frontal attack against a presiding judicial officer in ongoing proceedings in open court, thereby undermining the public confidence in the judicial authority that the Deputy Magistrate represented. As such, we consider it a very serious disciplinary matter that the Bar Association should look into. Mr Leung said that the Deputy Magistrate was very difficult to deal with. With respect, when what transpired between bench and bar is viewed objectively, the same can be said about Mr Leung. In any event, it does not detract a bit from the impropriety of his conduct.

我對上訴庭最後的判決也有意見:

81. In our view, having regard to what transpired in the entire proceedings, how the Deputy Magistrate conducted the trial, including the continuous bickering with Mr Leung and Mr How, the arguably wrongful decision to impose bail on the defendant, her baseless order to issue a warrant of arrest against Mr Leung, the fact that the defendant had in the course of the trial commenced the DC Action against her, the circumstances are obviously that a fair-minded and well-informed observer would conclude that there was a real possibility that the Deputy Magistrate would be biased. Tainted by apparent bias, the Deputy Magistrate’s costs orders cannot stand.

上訴庭從審訊紀錄的謄本分析此案,  毫無疑問對一眾人等不當拖延已有判斷, 何麗明雖然偏頗, 律師嚴重虛耗法庭時間, 玩弄手段, 上訴庭不能獨立斷定罰取虛耗訟費嗎? 

2022年9月16日星期五

皇朝末落

英皇乃澳洲國家元首, 女皇崩殂, 澳洲總理把9月22日訂為國殤日公眾假期, 此舉引起不少小型企業經營者不滿, 因為公眾假期僱主要額外支薪給僱員, 小老闆叫苦。一些病人安排了的手術也要取消, 也引起不滿。從不敬畏皇權的標少, 看到訂出公眾假期的日子, 即時反應是發電郵到球場查詢是否如常開放, 並非涼薄, 畢竟他媽不是我媽, 查皇不是我皇。雖然有人祭奠女皇出於感懷身世, 借古諷今, 我總覺得有點那個, 因為皇權受到君主立憲下削弱實權, 實權歸國會及執政的政府, 女皇在位做得稱職的是履行皇室的責任, 在艱難時可凝聚國民團結, 在國策方面基本上影響有限, 不應過譽。以平民化的講法, 英女皇只是公關高手。

查皇不是我皇, 出自我口毫無問題, 不會推出午門手起刀落, 可是, 在不同環境下, 命運並不一樣。今天看到Legal Cheek這一篇, 總算開了眼界:


A barrister who held up a blank piece of paper at Parliament Square in London claims he was told he risked being arrested if he wrote “not my king” on it.
......

警察首長立即出來解話:

The Metropolitan Police’s deputy assistant commissioner Stuart Cundy said on Monday:

“We’re aware of a video online showing an officer speaking with a member of the public outside the Palace of Westminster earlier today. The public absolutely have a right to protest and we have been making this clear to all officers involved in the extraordinary policing operation currently in place and we will continue to do so. However, the overwhelming majority of interactions between officers and the public at this time have been positive as people have come to the Capital to mourn the loss of Her Late Majesty the Queen.”

說得頭頭是道, 卻與事實不符。


這是3天前的新聞, 不止拘捕一人, 而是幾個。

Police in Edinburgh have arrested a man who heckled Prince Andrew as he walked behind the Queen's coffin during a solemn procession on the city's Royal Mile.

Eyewitness footage showed the man shouting: "Andrew, you're a sick old man".

It came as the prince, King Charles III, Prince Edward and Princess Anne walked behind their mother's coffin on the way to the city's St Giles' Cathedral.

Bystanders started chanting "God save the King" to drown out the heckling.
The man, who appeared to be wearing the shirt of A-League club Melbourne City, was wrestled to the ground by other spectators and led away by a police officer.

他犯了甚麼法? 把他推倒在地上的人明顯犯了Common Assault, 除非英國佬也抄襲了尋釁滋事罪, 否則屬於非法拘捕。皇室都把Andrew的公職褫奪了, 奔喪示眾都不能穿上軍服. 正正因為他是sick old man, 罵他也犯皇法? 只有慣於下跪叩頭謝恩的豬才會貼貼服服地等待施與吃餿, 感到天威浩蕩, 膝蓋就立即騷軟了。

ABC的報導還舉了幾宗其他的例子:

A 22-year-old woman, who had been pictured holding an anti-monarchy sign, was arrested and charged with breaching the peace on Sunday.

In a separate incident, a 74-year-old man was arrested on Sunday, according to Reuters.

Thames Police on Monday said that a 45-year-old man had been arrested after a disturbance at Oxford's county proclamation ceremony of King Charles.

Media reported he had shouted "who elected him?" as the proclamation was read out.

季世皇朝的末落有跡可尋, 女皇風光大葬後, 下一個走向共和的國家大概會是澳洲了。

皇朝末落, 皇室搞地產卻賺個滿堂紅。Sydney Morning Herald兩天前轉載了The New York Times這一篇:


皇室坐擁百億地產, 還未計算個人財富。普天之下, 莫非「皇」土, 雖然16世紀Oliver Cromwell處決了Charles I弒君之事不會再發生, 隨着世代更替, 女皇崩後, 皇室已走向滅亡。

2022年9月10日星期六

新君皇

女皇駕崩, 新君登基, 垂垂老矣, 由ER改為CR, 即Elizabeth Regina改為Charles Rex, 我有看St James Palace一眾樞密院成員第一次公開新君登基儀式的直播(Proclamation of King Charles III), 我看直播主要是見識下登基程序,  誰駕崩誰繼位就一點興趣也沒有, 96歲崩殂已屬笑喪, 理應沒有遺憾。世上君皇已不多, 想復辟的同樣不多, 但慣了叩頭下跪的子民卻不少, 可能是文化承存, 不能一日無君, 因此造成了天子心態, 子民膜拜的現象。在位70載的國家元首已難復見, 這條件太難遇上, 既要年輕登基,  又要長命百歲, 已後無來者。新君皇與皇后都貌似人瑞, 女皇遲幾年走的話,  這新君可能沒此福份, 老態龍鍾, 看樣子也當不到多少年。Camilla搖身一變成為皇后(Queen Consort), Queen和Queen Consort分別在於前者是繼承皇位的女皇, 後者是皇帝的配偶, 在稱謂上是Queen Camilla而不叫Queen Consort Camilla, 也可叫Camilla, the Queen Consort。King Charles III在簽署登基文件時有點失儀, 幾乎打翻了墨水瓶, 這墨水瓶座是兩位皇子送的禮物。

新君皇登基後的第一篇演說相當感人, 似乎對Harry及Meghan伸出橄欖枝, 但前文後意卻顯得冷冰冰的, Harry在繼位排名第5, 此生無緣矣。演說最後引用沙士比亞名劇Hamlet作結:

May “flights of Angels sing thee to thy rest.”

Hamlet劇中最後一幕, Hamlet王子及一眾人都死掉, 只剩下友人Horatio一個。Horatio看着王子的屍體說:

Good night, sweet prince, and flights of angels sing thee to thy rest.

意思是安息吧。

御用大律師即時由Queen's Counsel改為King's Counsel了。
  

2022年8月19日星期五

刊憲

我上一篇講政府重要人事任命刊憲, 就可以避免Morrison秘密自我委任為多個部長的事件發生, 就算他要自委, 公眾起碼即時知悉,  國會議員可以提出質詢, 記者可以提問 。昨午Sydney Morning Herald這篇報導: New laws needed to ensure ministerial appointments are transparent: constitutional law experts, 訪問4間大學的憲法教授, 都認為需要為此立法:

Constitutional law experts say new laws are needed to ensure all ministerial appointments are made public, amid a focus on the governor-general’s assumption that former prime minister Scott Morrison would disclose his co-control of five ministries.
......
Monash University’s Luke Beck, an associate professor of constitutional law...has proposed that parliament amend the Ministers of State Act to require administrative changes, such as the appointment of new ministers or change of portfolios, be published in the government gazette.

事實上無論是聯邦政府或省政府, 以憲報作公告的媒介, 是慣常的做法, 並非新事物。澳洲聯邦政府的憲報已有超過120年的歷史, 第一份在1901年刊出。當然法律上沒有明確訂出委任部長必須刊憲, 所以學者提出立法的講法。可是, 公開任命部長由來已久, 又不是派遣特務, 又不是國家機密, 有甚麼不可告人之處?

Morrison似乎要走上Donald Trump卸任後被彈劾的路, Morrison可能面對被國會譴責(censure), 他始終不是總統, 用不上impeachment。但同人不同命, Morrison是黨的負資產, 他這次爆出的醜聞, 禍及新南威爾斯半年後的大選, 省政府這兩年已醜聞不絕, 現在可謂醜到登峯造極, Morrison無疑在再踹一腳, bad things come in threes。Donald Trump就很不相同, 他被FBI搜屋後乘機發財, 向黨員募捐, 每天收近百萬美金。見一次報, 掘一次金。我有時都不知道像美國這種自由民主國家是甚麼, 除了可以讓你自由罵政府幾句之外, 到頭來也只不過做順民一名, 像傾盡感情愛上個忘恩負義的女人那種落寞沮喪。當然, 被Donald Trump所騙的人, 連金錢也損失了。      

2022年8月17日星期三

身兼5職的總理

Morrison秘密任命自己為部長事件越捅越多, 不是3個, 而是5個部長:

Health, Finance, Industry, Science, Energy and Resources, Treasury and Home Affairs. 

他昨天回覆傳媒, 說自己忘記了究竟多少個, 想清楚怎樣圓謊後, 今天侃侃而談了。

......
“We were in a rather extreme situation over a protracted period of time. Those safeguards were put in place for precautionary, for prudent, responsible reasons,” he said.

Morrison said he didn’t make his appointments public because “there was a possibility this could be misinterpreted”. He said those fears were justified by the political discussion over the past couple of days since the matter came to light.

“I think there was a great risk that in the midst of that crisis those powers could be misinterpreted and misunderstood, which would have caused unnecessary angst in the middle of a pandemic and could have impacted on the day-to-day functioning of the government,” he said.
......

典型的Morrison, 奸狡、欺詐、一切責任都推得一乾二淨。Morrison這秘密任命也要經過一定憲法程序的, 要向總督(Governor General)宣誓, 由總督任命的。總督是甚麼?  總督是女皇的代表, 由澳洲政府推薦, 女皇任命。首相以及各部長的任命, 都要在總督面前宣誓, 連聯邦選舉也要總督批准, 當然實際上總督只是橡皮圖章, 雖然具憲法及儀式功能(constitution and ceremonial functions) , 一切都聽令於政府,  所以這次秘密任命, 總督也把責任推得一乾二淨。

......
A spokesperson for the Governor-General released a statement that could be interpreted as a veiled criticism of Morrison, saying any questions about secrecy were a matter for the previous government.

“It is not the responsibility of the Governor-General to advise the broader ministry or parliament (or public) of administrative changes of this nature. The Governor-General had no reason to believe that appointments would not be communicated.”
......

整件事可以看到任命制度出了問題, 這種任命理應刋憲, 在憲報公告而並非靠傳媒報導, 完善的制度, 必須訂立一套行事機制。如果在機制上重要任命需要刊憲的話, 就不會發生此事。總理組閣, 當然有權選擇誰當部長, 各司其職。總理不能獨攬一切權力, 下屬不聽你意見, 極其量是革除他的職務,  另外委任別人入閣, 而不是把權力盡攬在手, 做其土皇帝。

呼籲會眾不要相信政府的Morrison, 連這種話都說得出, 為何還要戀棧國會議員的席位? 他已經是自由黨的負資產。矛盾的地方是, 黨不想失去他的席位,  如果他請辭補選的話, 他的席位就會漁人得利, 自由黨會再失一席。

2022年8月15日星期一

Tin pot and tin box

最近新南威爾斯省政治醜聞不絕, 一塌糊塗, 前副省長John Barilaro被捅出自己退出政壇前為自己度身訂造肥缺(plum job)----新省出駐紐約商務專員。爆出醜聞後, Barilaro當機立斷, 立即打退堂鼓, 但在野工黨窮追猛打, 從30,000頁文件中找出來龍去脈, 舉行聽證調查, 期間另一部長下台。另一方面, 同時發展的又捅出另一部長的醜聞, 已交ICAC處理, ICAC又揭出議員涉及貪污事件, 都不知從何說起, 一匹布咁長, 可比擬十日談(Decameron)。十日談是瘟疫背景下的故事, 我們也處於Covid, 有共通之處。Barilaro再被傳召作供, 他就以精神健康為理由缺席, 所以聽證還未能繼續。不過好戲連場, 絕不欺客。省政府又爆出省議會內欺凌及性侵的報告, 目不暇給。一個舞台同時演幾齣戲, three-ring circus。殊不知昨晚new.com.au引述新書"Plagued"的內容, 指前首相Morrison在任期間, 秘密自己任命自己為衛生部長、經濟部長及資源部長。撇開憲法權力及合法性不談, 為甚麼會是秘密任命自己呢? 除了衛生部長當時知悉外, 另外兩位部長及其他內閣成員也蒙在鼓裏, 這種與特朗普類同的民主制度, 連極權政府也訕笑, 怪不得現任首相Albanese今天在記者會說這番話:

"This is the sort of 'tin pot' activity that we would ridicule if it was in a non-democratic country," Mr Albanese told reporters on Monday.

Tin-pot作何解? 即是cheap嘢囉! 維多利亞女皇時期的產品, 用不起銀器的窮等人家, 用錫來代替, 也可以閃耀一下。我當時聽記者會答問, 因為英文差, 以為Albanese說tin box, 意思就很不同了。Tin box是指腐敗貪污。Tin box即是撲滿(piggy bank), 問貪官怎會有錢買奢侈品, 他說是自己一分一毫放入豬仔錢罌儲蓄得來的(I put my pennies one by one into a little tin box)。

澳洲最近的政治醜聞, 跟FBI搜Donald Trump的Mar-a-Lago有得比, shit hits the fan。

Morrison這戲子, 敗選落任後已很難東山再起, 他擺明會退出政壇了, 上個月他在一場宗教活動的演說, 說了這番話, 叫會眾信神不要信政府:

“We trust in Him. We don’t trust in governments. We don’t trust in [the] United Nations, thank goodness,” Morrison said.

信甚麼都好, 千萬不要信Morrison。

2022年8月13日星期六

不足為奇

接續上一篇的討論。

上一篇幾乎是一個月前寫的了, 疏懶怠惰必有因由, 相對於早幾年幾乎天天出文, 江河日下, 舊時王謝堂前燕, 門庭沒落 ,不堪回首矣。不談中港政治, 已到一面唱好的時候, 折子戲演完, 一地花生殼, 掌聲雷動, 山呼萬歲, 誰敢逆鱗耿諫? 茅房點燈, 找死乎! 死, 輕於鴻毛, 重於泰山。皇帝登基也要泰山封禪, 為甚麼選泰山? 因為古人以為泰山是天下第一峯, 不知有珠穆朗瑪。何謂封禪? 祭天為之封, 祭地為之禪, 今時今日不用祭天地, 卻要祭網民, 生死存亡, 不用實戰也要網戰。祭不到才封、封口, 封網、封銀行戶口、封屋、封艇、拉人...越撐越遠了, 言歸正傳。

上一篇所談的上訴, 早兩天判詞頒佈了(香港特別行政區 訴 楊天聰) , 我在上一篇說拭目以待班太在判詞中會否提及Christopher Harris的案例, 她沒有啊! 其實我發表上一篇之後, 立即有朋友來鴻, 說當日訟辯雙方在庭上陳詞, 均提及Harris案, 班太在判詞中卻只講《基本法》第63條賦予律政司司長的刑事檢控權, 在平衡公眾利益下, 出爾反爾不是問題, 所以英國佬佔據管治時期間(I keep up with the trendy vocabulary of the contemporary time)的案例不提也罷, 不足為奇,  不會是聞所未聞 。本上訴還有另一理據, 太專業悶死人的東西, 我不詳談。也許要交待一句, 為甚麼把張慧玲法官叫班太呢? 那是大內同袍對她的慣稱, 張官嫁了老外法官Barnes, 所以隨夫姓叫Judianna Barnes, 這是班太名稱的由來。 

今早在屋外遇到老外街坊, 聊下聊下就聊到飛彈飛機亂飛來, 標少告誡他們不要與烏俄之戰作錯誤類比, Putin眷戀昔日光輝, 重尋沙皇夢, 烏克蘭卻在聯合國佔主權國一席位, 台灣卻不曾是主權國家, 所以不論你喜歡用統一、收回、侵略...甚麼貼切動詞來形容都好, 都屬於一國之內的事務, 跟烏俄戰事是兩碼子事。老外想反駁, 卻想不到論點。莫非標少走在看風駛𢃇的前端, 若是這樣就不會招惹小粉紅的謾罵了。季世人性, 不說也罷。談法理是apolitical的。