違行會誓言 可民事追討
【明報專訊】行政會議成員須根據香港法例第11章《宣誓及聲明條例》宣誓,「……除獲行政長官的授權外,決不向任何人泄露行政會議的議程、所討論的內容及情以及基於行政會議成員身分而獲得的任何文件,或獲知的任何事情,不以職務之便謀取私利或協助他人謀取私利,並就行政會議作出的一切決定,負起集體責任」。
港大法律學系助理教授張達明說,行會保密守則只是「入面的遊戲規則」,不是法例,而且時間愈遠,效力愈低。若有人違反,只可以由民事途徑追討,當事人不會有刑事責任。他個人認為,對比梁振英在任時常有意無意公開行會部分內容,唐在公眾利益和官方保密之間,已「最好處理」,做法「無乜大問題」。 (18/3/2012明報)
張達明教授講行政會議的保密守則只是「入面的遊戲規則」而不是法例,這講法並不正碓。行政會議成員須根據香港法例第11章宣誓及聲明條例第18條宣誓,法例這樣寫:
(1) 行政會議成員須於獲委任後盡快作出盡職誓言,以及作出行政會議誓言。
有關法例附表2列出行政會議的盡職誓言及行政會議誓言內容,作出誓言本身是法例上的要求,我真不明白張教授怎能說保密守則不是法例。假設唐英年所講屬實而並非捏造,他便違反法例上要求的誓言,即決不向任何人泄露行政會議所討論的內容,但就算這樣,他也不會受到刑事檢控,因為違反第18(1)條,在法例上並沒設有刑事罰則,不遵從的後果在第21條訂明:
如任何人獲妥為邀請作出本部規定其須作出的某項誓言後,拒絕或忽略作出該項誓言─
- (a) 該人若已就任,則必須離任,及
(b) 該人若未就任,則須被取消其就任資格。
唐英年把泄密解釋作為了公眾利益,言下之意是否在說行政會議在密謀有違公眾利益的事,幸好有他戳破,為何在2003年不站出來維護這公眾利益呢?唐營的「斬首行動」,看來是斬傷了梁振英,引頸就戮的卻是唐英年。
唐英年在2003年時無須站出來公開梁的出動防暴隊見解,因為當時梁的見解應是得不到會上的支持(否則,當時已出動了防暴隊)。但是,在2012年他為了公眾利益而將梁的言論公開是說得通的。因為梁當時在爭做特首,特首的權力遠大於行政會議召集人,如果他做了特首,他便有權力去出動防暴隊,去做他在2003年時不夠權力去做的事。因此,選民絕對有權知道一個特首候選人曾經發出這樣的言論,以決定自己應否投他一票。如果特首是由民眾直選,泄密之後,梁應該不可能當選,或如果有很多人不信民主派有能力治港、又像標少一樣極度憎厭唐,梁亦只能以極低的投票率難看地當選。
回覆刪除當然,香港的所謂特首選舉其實只是一齣由北京操控的大戲。唐的泄密對梁的當選甚至可能有助力。因為北京可以義無反顧地棄唐選梁。
一個過時的回應
The belated reply is all right. The focus of this blog is on what Associate Prof Cheung's comment. The other things is the Chief Executive alone cannot deploy the riot team. He has to get the consent of the Executive Council. I believe it is what the Emergency Ordinance says.
刪除The Executive Council is not an institution to check and balance the power of the CE. It is just an advisory body for the CE. All its members are appointed by the CE. If the CE has such thinking, he can ensure that at least over half of the ExCo members he appoints are of similar thinking. Thus, it is in the public interest for the voters to know that the CE candidate has such thinking.
刪除Of course, I do agree with you that Tong's act might have contravened the Law. Besides Cap 11, there is also the Official Secret Ordinance. But I do not think this is politically unethical.
However, the power of the CE in Council (supposing emergency regulations are made at the time of emergency empowered by Cap 241) is subject to judicial review. It was last used in 1967 riot and given the change of political atmosphere, I do not think CE can exercise that power so easily. The check and balance comes from the society. Leung has done a lot of stupid things and I done really think he can afford doing more. There is already a mountain of stupidity.
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